Kayan Mentarang National Park Buffer Zone Spatial Analysis

Posting berikut ini saya kutipkan dari hasil analisis spasial yang pernah saya lakukan untuk melakukan deliniasi bufferzone atau zona penyangga kawasan Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang. Penentuan zona penyangga kawasan konservasi sendiri diatur oleh beberapa aturan, akan tetapi seringkali secara raktis penentuan zona penyangga tersebut sangat sulit diterapkan di lapangan. Secara umum analisis ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan masukan wilayah manasaja yang menurut kriteria tertentu masuk kedalam zona pengangga kawasan Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang.

Tentunya masukan lain, terutama dari aspek sosial ekonomi, kebijakan dan politis akan semakin memberikan gambaran yang jelas untuk mendefinisiakan kawasan zona penyangga suatu kawasan konservasi

Methods and Preliminary Delineation

1. Equipment and Tools

PC Desktop, Software ArcGIS and Erdas Imagine

2. Data

Landsat 7 (2005, 2006), RePPPRoT Land Systems (1:250.000), Digital Elevation Model SRTM, Forest Gazettes Boundary (Ministry of Forestry, 2001), East Kalimantan Spatial Planning (Drafted, Bappeda, 2006).

3. Delineation Process

Delineation process of Kayan Mentarang National Park was accomplished through a multi step process describes below in section 3.1 – 3.5

3.1. Watershed and Sub-Watershed Generated

The Kayan Mentarang National Park, consist in 3 (three) main watershed. Which are Kayan, Mentarang, and Sembakung watersheds. The watershed produce from DEM SRTM using Hydrology Tool in ArcGIS Spatial Analysis.

Table 1. Kayan Mentarang Area Main Watersheed

No	Watershed	Kayan Mentarang Area	Total Size Area (km2)
1	Kayan		29.900
2	Mentarang		15.800
3	Sembakung		10.298

Others main sub-watershed delineated using spatial analysis are Bahau, Pujungan, Iwan, Lurah, Upper Kayan in Kayan Watershed ; Kalun, Tubu, Menabur, Lidung, Upper Krayan in Mentarang watershed and Sulon, Sesilo, Mid Sembakung in Sembakung Watersheds.

Water catchment areas become important layer for delineated the park buffer zone area, since it’s a natural barrier for the landscape ecosystem.

The sub watershed divided into 3 (three) class priority for park buffer zone management. The sub watershed that overlay/in ine with the park boundary include in 1^st priority class for management, and about 10 km distance from park boundary include 2^nd priority class for management, while other sub-watershed include in 3^rd priority class.

Map 1. Watershed and management priority classification

Table 2. Sub Watershed Priority Class

Kab/Priority	1st Priority	2nd Priority	3rd Priority	Total (Ha)
Berau	-	-	68,352.48	68,352.48
Bulungan	-	23,524.35	666,523.91	690,048.27
Kutai Barat	-	-	40,995.88	40,995.88
Kutai Timur	-	-	16,684.59	16,684.59
Malinau	439,594.69	792,416.97	1,186,497.67	2,418,509.34
Nunukan	109,079.93	128,921.85	259,654.54	497,656.33
Total	548,674.62	944,863.18	2,238,709.08	3,732,246.88

Note : Determination 2^nd priority class based on 10km distance from park boundary are from access consideration and still can change according to expert recommendation.

Based on the table, Malinau and Nunukan Districts are the only districts that has 1^st priority class watershed management, while the others districts are none.

3.2. Forest cover

A forest – non forest cover simple classification produced from landsat imagery from 2005-2006. The Interpretation made using supervised classification used by combination of band 5, 4 and 2 and combination with drawn manually. Remaining forest cover within the area of interest are the main aspect to manage as part of the park buffer zone management .

Table 3. Landcover Area

Landcover	1st Priority	2nd Priority	3rd Priority	Total (Ha)
Bare Soil	87.29	370.48	2,551.27	3,009.03
Dry Land Agriculture	90.14			90.14
Fish Farm			1,230.70	1,230.70
Non Timber Plantation			11,255.87	11,255.87
Primary Forest	466,783.66	802,934.05	1,195,590.72	2,465,308.42
Primary Swamp Forest			17,924.68	17,924.68
Secondary Forest	57,562.70	123,397.44	639,831.15	820,791.29
Secondary Mangrove	70.70		7,431.68	7,502.38
Secondary Swamp Forest			103,742.94	103,742.94
Shrub	20,657.58	13,888.01	183,833.02	218,378.61
Swamp	396.81		28,510.40	28,907.21
Timber Plantation			17,971.23	17,971.23
Urban	134.55	15.97	4,132.65	4,283.17
Water	2,028.05	2,774.33	24,859.40	29,661.77
Grand Total	547,811.46	943,380.27	2,238,865.71	3,730,057.44

Map 2. Forest Cover Around Park Bufferzone Area

3.3 Forest type classification and critical ecosystem

Forest type classification produce from RePPProt map and elevation, forest type of these area are defined into Hutan Dataran Rendah Dipterocarp, Hutan Dataran Tinggi Dipterocarp, Hutan Pegunungan dan Hutan Kerangas (Heat Forest).

While the critical ecosystem that include for management are Hutan Kerangas (Heat Forest), Hutan Gambut, Hutan Dataran Rendah below 200 m and Hutan Dataran Tinggi above 1000 m.

Map 3. Critical Ecosystem Around Park Bufferzone Area

3.4. Elevation Zoning

Elevation zones were defined using SRTM data for the area of interest. Four classes were defined : 0-500, 500-1000, 1000-1500, 1500 up.

3.5 Community dependant

Community dependant on forest resources based on 15 km buffer delineation from village around the park. This layer show the human activity that could affect to the condition of park buffer zone.

Note : 15 km buffer from village show area that community depend on forest based on study HCVF East Kalimantan landscape.

4. Delineation Results

After data generation complete, the simple method that used to delineation park buffer zone are based on watershed and critical ecosystem management around the park. Based on watershed management priority, the 1^st priority class is the areas that possible to manage more intensive compare to 2^nd priority and 3^rd priority.

Other consideration for intensively management recommendation for park buffer zone are determined by the human activity around the park. This activity mainly cause by timber concession and traditional agriculture.

Based on East Kalimantan Province drafted Spatial Planning, there are almost 90.000 ha allocated as Non Forestry Agriculture Area (Kawasan Budidaya Non Kehutanan) in 1^st priority buffer zone area management and almost 300.000 Ha for Timber concession (Kawasan Budidaya Kehutanan). While the Hutan Lindung (Protected Forest) consist of 128.000 Ha around the park.

Table 4. Province Spatial Planning Around Park Buffer Zone

Spatial Planning	1st Priority	2nd Priority	3rd Priority	Grand Total
CA	642.66			642.66
HL	128,571.38	305,207.74	474,292.15	908,071.28
KBK	297,188.90	528,143.19	1,148,159.96	1,973,492.04
KBNK	75,464.60	72,825.95	536,723.38	685,013.93
KBNK Bintang	15,976.35	42.54	41,372.32	57,391.21
KBNKT			2,202.41	2,202.41
KSN	17,464.96	38,642.84	15,913.63	72,021.42
TN	13,362.12			13,362.12
Total	548,670.96	944,862.26	2,236,062.45	3,729,595.67

The combination between human activity, forestry and non forestry agricultural spatial planning in the 1^st priority watershed management are recommend to be the 1^st priority areas that could intensively manage for park buffer zone management.

Map. 4 Below show the preliminary park buffer zone delineation for 1^st priority management.

Annex 1. Village Inside and around (buffer zone) KMNP

Sub District	Villages	Inside Park	Buffer
Krayan
	Long Bawan		v
	Long Api		v
	Terang Baru		v
	Long Midang	v
	Kampung Baru		v
	Pa Kebuan		v
	Pa Betung		v
	Long Umung		v
	Buduk Tumu	v
	Kuala Belawit		v
	Tang Paye	v
	Lembudud	v
	Tanjung Karya	v
	Berian Baru	v
	Buduk Kubul		v
	Long Puak	v
	Pa Padi	v
	Pa Raye		v
	Wa Yagung	v
	Bungayan	v
	Long Nawang	v
Krayan Selatan
	Long Layu	v
	Tanjung Pasir		v
	Long Padi		v
	Binuang		v
	Baliku		v
	Pa Upan		v
Lumbis Hulu
	Panas		v
	Tau Lumbis		v
	Labang		v
Pujungan
	Long Pujungan		v
	Long Ketaman		v
	Long Pua	v
	Long Aran		v
	Long Bena	v
	Long Uli		v
	Long Belaka	v
	Long Sei Bawang	v
Bahau Hulu
	Long Alango	v
	Long Berini	v
	Long Kemuat	v
	Long Tebulo		v
	Apauping	v
Mentarang Hulu
	Long Pala	v
	Long Berang		v
	Semamu		v
	Long Mekatip		v
	Long Simau		v
Perwakilan Tubu
	Long Titi	v
	Kuala Rian		v
	Rian Tubu	v	v
	Long Pada		v
	Long Nyau		v
	Long Lihi		v
	Long Ranau		v
Kayan Hulu
	Long Nawang		v
	Nawang Baru		v
	Long Temunyat		v
	Long Betaoh		v
	Long Payau		v
	Long Ampung		v
	Long Uro		v
	Sungai Barang		v
	Metulang		v
Kayan Hilir
	Data Dian	v
	Long Pipa		v
	Long Metun I		v
	Long Metun II		v
	Sungai Anai		v
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